Photomemory and Pulse Monitoring Featured Solution-Processed Near-Infrared Graphene/Organic Phototransistor with Detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones

Emerging graphene/organic phototransistors are eye-catching technologies owing to their unique merits including easy/low-cost fabrication, temperature independent, and achieving various functions. However, their development in the near-infrared (NIR) region is experiencing a bottleneck of inferior sensitivity due to low exciton dissociation efficiency and inefficient charge extraction rate. Here, a novel-design solution-processed graphene/organic NIR phototransistor is reported, that is, creatively introducing electron extraction layer of ZnO on graphene channel and employing organic ternary bulk heterojunction as photosensitive layer, successfully breaking that bottleneck. The phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 6.1 × 10⁶ A W⁻¹, a superior detectivity of 2.4 × 10¹³ Jones, and a remarkable minimum detection power of 1.75 nW cm⁻² under 850 nm radiation. Considering its excellent NIR detection performance, a noncontact transmission-type pulse monitoring is carried out with no external circuit support, from which human pulse signal and heart rate can be displayed in real time. The phototransistor, interestingly, can be switched into a photomemory function with a retention time of 1000 s in the atmosphere through a gate voltage of −20 V. The design takes the characteristics of graphene/organic phototransistors to a higher level, beyond the limit of sensitivity, and opens up a novel approach for developing multifunction devices.     

Solution-Synthesized Multifunctional Janus Nanotree Microswimmer

Synthetic active matters are perfect model systems for non-equilibrium thermodynamics and of great potential for novel biomedical and environmental applications. However, most applications are limited by the complicated and low-yield preparation, while a scalable synthesis for highly functional microswimmers is highly desired. In this paper, an all-solution synthesis method is developed where the gold-loaded titania-silica nanotree can be produced as a multi-functional self-propulsion microswimmer. By applying light, heat, and electric field, the Janus nanotree demonstrated multi-mode self-propulsion, including photochemical self-electrophoresis by UV and visible light radiation, thermophoresis by near-infrared light radiation, and induced-charge electrophoresis under AC electric field. Due to the scalable synthesis, the Janus nanotree is further demonstrated as a high-efficiency, low-cost, active adsorbent for water decontamination, where the toxic mercury ions can be reclaimed with enhanced efficiency.     

Hydrogenation process in multiphase alloys of Ti-Zr-Mn-V system on the example of Ti42.75Zr27Mn20.25V10 alloy

The influence of phase composition and microstructure of Ti_42.75Zr₂₇Mn_20.25V₁₀ alloy on its hydrogenation kinetic and phase composition of hydrogenated product was studied. It is established that the process of dissociation of hydrogen molecules begins on the surface of Laves phase crystallites. The dissolution of atomic hydrogen in the material volume leads to the formation of cracks in the intermetallic crystallites, which further appear as additional centers of dissociation of hydrogen molecules and noticeably accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen into the bulk material. It was shown that the Laves phase acts as a donor of atomic hydrogen for the BCC solid solution during hydrogenation of two-phase structure, initiating intensive hydrogenation of the BCC phase at room temperature.     

316L不锈钢金属间相固溶过程中的微结构表征

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电子背散射衍射仪等设备研究了热轧态316L不锈钢金属间相(σ相和χ相)在固溶过程中的微结构演变规律,同时,利用高温激光共聚焦显微镜对金属间相回溶的全过程进行了原位在线观察,确定了最佳固溶温度。结果表明,固溶过程中发生了γ+σ+χ→γ+σ+χ+α/FeCr→γ+α/FeCr的相变过程。金属间相的回溶从1033.1℃开始到1149.5℃结束,回溶时间为21s,消除金属间相的最佳固溶温度约为1150℃。固溶处理前,基体中分布的带状组织形态不规则,χ相和σ相的面积比分别为0.46%和0.94%;固溶处理后,带状组织形态一致,主要分布铁素体和FeCr相,而χ相和σ相不可见。     

Global weak solutions to a spatio-temporal fractional Landau–Lifshitz–Bloch equation

The present paper deals with global existence of weak solutions of a time-space fractional Landau–Lifshitz–Bloch equation involving the weak Caputo derivative and a fractional Laplacian. We use Faedo–Galerkin method with some commutator estimates in order to prove global existence of weak solutions for the model. The uniqueness is also discussed in a special one dimensional case.     

分光光度法和光度滴定法联合测定湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中锌钴镍

湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中含有高浓度的Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺,用分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺时,Fe²⁺-EDTA会严重干扰Co²⁺和Ni²⁺的测定;在用光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺和Co²⁺合量时,Ni²⁺对二甲酚橙指示剂具有封闭作用,Mn²⁺亦与EDTA螯合,导致滴定结果偏高。为消除Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定的干扰,实验进行氧化分离Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺预处理,在NaAc/Hac缓冲体系下,以EDTA作显色剂用分光光度法测定Co²⁺、Ni²⁺。在波长466nm处,Co²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9992;在384nm处,Ni²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9998。根据分光光度法测出Ni²⁺物质的量,加入1.1倍的丁二酮肟以除去Ni²⁺,用二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA鳌合-光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,扣减Co²⁺含量得出Zn²⁺含量。选取4个锌湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液实际样品,按照实验方法中的分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺,光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于0.70%,加标回收率分别为99.59%~100.41%、99.69%~100.64%、99.92%~100.08%。